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1 CD -
8.557508 - (c) 2007
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IGOR
STRAVINSKY | ROBERT CRAFT - Volume 8
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Igor STRAVINSKY
(1882-1971) |
Violin
Concerto (1931)
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21' 22" |
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I. Toccata
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5' 46"
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1
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II. Aria I
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4' 25" |
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2 |
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III. Aria II |
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5' 02" |
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3 |
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IV. Capriccio
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6' 08" |
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4 |
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Zvezdolikiy:
cantata for Male Chorus &
Orchestra |
*
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4' 26" |
5 |
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Symphonies
of Wind Instruments (Original 1920
version)
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7' 54" |
6
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The
Rite of Spring (1967 edition, with
changes incorporated from the
original manuscript, 1913
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33' 42" |
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First Part -
adoration of the earth
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Introduction
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3' 32" |
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7 |
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The Augurs of Spring / Dances of the
Young Girls
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3' 15" |
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8 |
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Ritual of Abduction
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1' 23" |
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9 |
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Spring Rounds
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3' 12" |
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10 |
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Ritual of the Rival Tribes
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1' 53" |
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11 |
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Procession of the Sage
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0' 41" |
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12 |
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- The Sage
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0' 29" |
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13 |
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Dance of the Earth
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1' 16" |
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14 |
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Second Part - The
Sacrifice
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Introduction
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3' 53" |
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15 |
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Mystic Circles of the Young Girls
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3' 20" |
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16 |
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Glorification of the Chosen One
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1' 40" |
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17 |
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Evocation of the Ancestors
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0' 43" |
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18 |
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- Ritual
action of the Ancestors
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3' 29" |
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19 |
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Sacrificial Dance (The Chosen One)
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4' 56" |
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20 |
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Violin Concerto
Jennifer
Frautschi, Violin
PHILHARMONIA
ORCHESTRA
Robert CRAFT, Conductor
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Zvezdolikiy
ORCHESTRA
OF ST. LUKE'S
GREGG SMITH
SINGERS
Robert
CRAFT, Conductor |
Symphonies of Wind
Instruments
TWENTIETH
CENTURY CLASSICS
ENSEMBLE
Robert
CRAFT, Conductor |
The Rite of Spring
PHILHARMONIA
ORCHETRA
Robert
CRAFT, Conductor |
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Recorded
at: |
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Abbey Road
Studio One, London (England):
- 29/30 April 2006 (Violin
Concerto)
- 3-5 January 2007 (The Rite of
Spring)
SUNY, Purchase, New York (USA) -
1992 (Zvezdolikiy)
American
Academy of Arts and Letters,
New York (USA) - 2001
(Symphonies)
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Live / Studio
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Studio |
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Producer |
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Gregory
K. Squires
Philip Traugott (Violin Concerto,
The Rite of Spring))
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Editing |
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Floating
Earth (Violin Concerto, The Rite
of Spring)
Richard Price (Zvezdolikiy,
Symphonies)
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Naxos Editions
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Naxos
| 8.557508 | 1 CD | LC 05537 |
durata 67' 42" | (c)
2007 | DDD
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KOCH
(previously released) |
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Koch
International, Vol. V |
3-7504-2 | 1 CD | (p)
2001 | DDD (Symphonies)
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MusicMasters
(previously released) |
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MusicMasters,
Vol. III | 01612-67103-2
| 1 CD | (p) 1992 | DDD
(Zvezdolikiy)
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Cover |
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Stravinsky in
Paris, 1929 (Robert Craft
Collection) |
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Note |
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MusicMASTERS
CLASSICS
Release (1991-1998)

1 CD - 01612-67103-2 - Volume
III
(c) 1992 *
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KOCH
INTERNATIONAL
Release (1996-2002)
1 CD -
3-7504-2 - Volume V
(c) 2001 **
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This
new recording of the 1967
edition of The Rite of
Spring, a major landmark
of twentieth century music, is
released in celebration of the
125th anniversary of the birth
of Stravinsky. The Violin
Concerto is widely
considered to be Stravinsky’s
most perfect orchestral work.
The Symphonies of Wind
Instruments is now seen as
a shorter companion opus for The
Rite of Spring. It is, in
any case, the last of his
pre-neoclassic creations.
Dedicated to Claude Debussy, Zvezdolikiy
(‘The Star-Faced One’) for
unaccompanied male chorus and
orchestra is unique in
Stravinsky’s music for its
uncontrasted slow tempo and the
absence of a motoric rhythm. The
second half is written in homage
to the French composer and
includes actual imitations of
his melodic rhythmic and
instrumental styles.
Concerto for Violin and
Orchestra
An American composer, Blair
Fairchild, commissioned the Concerto
for his protégé, the
Polish-American violinist Samuel
Dushkin. It did not become
popular until 1972, when George
Balanchine based his ballet Stravinsky
Violin Concerto on it. The
early neglect can be attributed
to Dushkin's five-year
performance exclusivity; to the
absence of a cadenza; to the
intricacies of the chamber music
style; and to the arduousness of
the solo part, which allows for
no repose in the third movement,
only two bars in the second, and
only six very fast ones in the
finale. The Concerto is entirely
lyrical, from the march-like
opening movement, through the
long-line melodies of the second
and the lavishly ornamented ones
of the third, to the Russian
dance of the last. The
concluding "Presto," in which
some of the violin part recalls
some of Histoire du Soldat,
is one of the most exciting
endings Stravinsky ever wrote.
The Concerto is
Stravinsky's most perfectly
balanced concert piece. The four
movements are all on the same
high level and wonderfully
contrasted and varied. The first
three movements begin with the
same triple-stop violin chord
that Dushkin, when Stravinsky
first showed it to him, and
Heifetz later, declared
unplayable. The closely related
keys of the four movements (D
major, D minor, F-sharp minor,
and again D major), and of
themes and episodes within them,
conform to classical principles.
So does the succession of soli
and tutti in the first
and fourth movements. The first
of the middle-movement arias is
sectional, spacious, but
smoothly continuous. The third
movement is Baroque in form and
style. The lengths of the
recapitulations are exceptional:
44 bars of the Toccata
exposition are repeated toward
the end, and 55 bars of the
Capriccio. The first five bars
of the first Aria are repeated
in the middle of the movement,
and the first seventeen are
recapitulated at the end. The
opening wind-instrument and
violin figure of the second
Aria, the most original and
harshly striking music in the Concerto,
a cry of anguish, becomes a
refrain, when heard three more
times penetrating the stanzas of
the solo violin's song, in the
third movement, which is
accompanied by strings only.
In the most novel episode in
Aria I, the solo violin plays
on-the-beat notes in harmonics
above the principal melody in
off-beats, played by the first
violins, harmonized by cellos,
also playing off-beats. After a
few bars the horn and solo
violin take up the syncopated
melody, suspending the ictus
altogether for 4 bars, a
rhythmic trick Stravinsky had
first employed in Petrushka.
Duets between the solo violin
and solo wind and string
instruments in the orchestra are
a feature of the Concerto.
Perhaps the most spectacular of
them is between the solo violin
and a solo cello, both playing
harmonics (at [125]), but those
with bassoon, flute, piccolo
clarinet (more of these than any
other), trumpet, cellos, and the
first violinist in the orchestra
are more extensive.
This recording corrects a number
of important errors. Thus the
metronomic quarter at the
beginning of the first movement
is an unplayably fast 120,
whereas the end gives 96 for the
"Tempo Primo." The "allargando"
at the end of the first movement
should begin with the last five
notes of the two trumpets, as in
the manuscript. The metronomic
quarter in the second movement
should be changed to 126 (from
116), with 96 for the half-note
in the middle section. In the
third movement the eighth should
equal 62, increasing to 92 in
the middle section. In the last
movement the eighth becomes 134,
accelerating to 176 at [119] and
208 at [123]. In the last bar
before [124] the first F should
have a natural sign. No. [107]
lacks the "Tempo Primo" sign,
and the two bars before lack the
"accelerando." In the bar after
[102] the clarinets in A should
have a flat on the written D.
Stravinsky's first notation for
the Concerto, for the
music at [7], is dated 27
October 1930. He did not
continue the piece, however,
until 11 March, in Grenoble,
where he had moved his family
from Nice. The first movement
was finished on 27 March and the
score was completed on 4
September. The first performance
took place in Berlin on 23
October 1931, conducted by
Stravinsky with Dushkin as
soloist.
Zvezdolikiy
Stravinsky's setting of
Konstantine Balmont's Symbolist
poem, Zvezdolikiy ("The
Star-Faced One"), begins with an
unaccompanied male chorus
intoning a "motto" in six
harmonic parts. Its three
melodic intervals are repeated
nine times in the body of the
piece, and its first chord
returns in the winds in seven
octaves at the half-way point,
heralding the voice of the
"lodestar": "Do you keep the
Word?" The translation of the
text is as follows:
His eyes
were like stars, like flames
which furrow space. His
visage was like the sun when
it shines at its zenith. The
luminous colors of the
heavens, purple, azure, and
gold, dappled the gorgeous
robe he wore to be reborn
among us. Around him the
thunder rolled in the
ravaged, storm-rent sky,
seven halos of brilliant
stars shone around his head.
Lightning struck the hills
and brought forth spring
flowers. "Do you keep the
Word?" he asked. And we all
replied, "Yes, always."
"Alone and invisible I
reign," he said. The thunder
growled louder. "It is the
hour," he said in his glory.
"The harvest waits. Amen."
Piously and fervently we
followed him. Lightning
cleft the clouds. Seven
halos of brilliant stars
showed the way through the
desert.
Unique in
Stravinsky's music are the
uncontrasted slow tempo, the
quiet dynamic level, the
sostenuto style (no staccato, no
accents), the absence of a
motoric rhythm (the "purple,
azure, and gold" passage exposes
six different rhythmic figures
simultaneously), and the
sonorities: the radiance of the
wind-instrument chords, the
choral humming, the
fluttertongueing in clarinets
(as well as flutes), the muted
oboes, the "bridge" effects and
harmonics in the strings, which
play with mutes throughout. Zvezdolikiy
quotes Debussy literally in the
final section, and alludes to
him throughout in its orchestral
shimmering (string tremolos,
harp glissandos) and
repeated-note rhythmic-figure in
the horns.
The piece was first performed on
19 April 1939 by the Brussels
Radio Orchestra conducted by
Franz André. In May 1952,
Maestro André came to
Stravinsky, who was conducting Oedipus
Rex in Brussels, to tell
the composer of his difficulties
with the intonation of the
chorus in the 1911 piece.
Symphonies of Wind
Instruments
After the hostile reception of
the Symphonies at its
première, London, 10 June 1921,
as well as at subsequent
premières (Geneva, 1921; Paris,
1922; Philadelphia, 1923;
Brussels and New York, 1924),
Stravinsky withdrew it from
performance by all conductors
except Ansermet and himself. But
the composer did not conduct the
piece until 1948, and then in
his new, 1947 version, an
unfortunate simplification of
the original.
The score of the original
Symphonies is now published by
Boosey & Hawkes.
Stravinsky may have been
restudying the Symphonies
in 1937 or 1938. The "Final
Chorale" and the concluding
wind-instrument hymn in the Symphony
in C resemble each other.
When Ansermet made an
unauthorized cut in Jeu de
cartes in 1937, Stravinsky
sent a flinty note reminding him
of a time "when you were not
afraid to play a work as risky
in regard to success and
audience comprehension as the Symphonies
d'Instruments à Vent."
The Symphonies was not
composed from beginning to end,
nor the other way around, even
though the end was completed
first. Notations for the
concluding hymn are among the
earliest in Stravinsky's
sketchbooks for the opus, indeed
after the first tolling of the
"bell motive." Receiving the
news of Debussy's death,
Stravinsky immediately
telegraphed his condolences to
the widow, and, or so this
writer believes, immediately
notated the "bell motive" in his
sketchbook: at any rate it
stands out there in striking
contrast to the surrounding
sketches for the Ragtime for
11 Instruments, and it is
characteristic of Stravinsky to
respond to a profound shock of
grief with a harsh cry in a peal
of mourning bells. Exactly when
he returned to the composition
is not known, but it cannot have
been before the completion of The
Soldier's Tale in early
autumn 1918, and of Pulcinella
in the spring of 1920. The
sketches for the successive
motives of the piece follow
approximately in the same order
in which they appear in the
completed composition.
The Symphonies links
nine distinct motives, all of
which are repeated at intervals,
some of them two, three, or more
times. Their lengths, character,
and importance vary, and each is
assigned one of three tempos,
which are related by a
proportional metronomic value: a
basic unit, its doppio
valore, and its sesquialtera.
The two most prominent motives
are stated at the beginning:
"bell motive" (A), which returns
five times in the first half of
the piece; and the response to
it (B), the "hymn" melody, which
also returns five times in the
body of the piece and is
developed at the end into a hymn
complete in itself.
In an April 1948 program note,
Stravinsky used the term
"litanies" with reference to the
flute and clarinet dialogues.
Musicologists quickly assumed
from this that the remark in the
sketch score, "end of the second
litany," means that the Symphonies
was modeled on the Panikhida,
the Russian Orthodox memorial
service for the dead. But this
seems unlikely in that litanies
are part of many Orthodox
services, and the Symphonies
lacks other correspondences with
the Panikhida sacrament.
The Rite of Spring – A
Chronicle
1911
- 15 July -
Ustilug, (Ukraine) - Stravinsky
writes to his co-scenarist
and set and costume
designer, Nicolas Roerich,
in St. Petersburg : "Dear
Nikolai Konstantinovich, it
is imperative that we see
each other and decide about
every detail.… Please write
immediately on your arrival
in Talashkino, telling me
the best means of conveyance
from Smolensk. If it is not
too far, could some horses
be sent to fetch me?
Remember that my train from
Warsaw arrives very early, I
think 5 o'clock in the
morning.…"
"In July I
traveled to the Princess
Tenisheva's country estate
near Smolensk, to plan the
scenario of The Rite of
Spring with Roerich.
He wanted me to see her
collection of Russian ethnic
art. I went from Ustilug to
Brest-Litovsk. Discovering
that I would have to wait
two days for the next
passenger train, I bribed a
freight-train conductor to
let me ride in the cattle
car, in which I found myself
alone with a bull tethered
by a single rope. As he
glowered and slavered, I
barricaded myself as best I
could behind my suitcases. I
must have seemed an odd
sight climbing out of the
train in Smolensk, carrying
expensive, or at least not
tramp-like, bags, and
brushing the straw from my
clothes and hat. The
Princess Tenisheva placed a
guesthouse at my disposal,
and, after two days with
Roerich, the plan of the
action and the titles of the
dances were assigned. Our
name for the ballet at this
time was Vesna
Sviasschénnaya -
'Sacred Spring.' (The French
title, Le Sacre du
printemps, was Leon
Bakst's contribution.")
- 15 August
- Karlsbad, (Germany)
- Stravinsky and Diaghilev
sign a contract for The
Rite of Spring.
- 16
September - Clarens,
(Switzerland) - To
Roerich: "I have already
begun to compose, and, in a
state of passion and
excitement, have sketched
the Introduction for
'dudki' [reed pipes]
as well as the 'Divination
with Twigs.' The music is
coming out very fresh and
new. The picture of the old
woman in a squirrel fur
sticks in my mind. She is
constantly before my eyes as
I compose the 'Divination
with Twigs.' I see her
running in front of the
group, sometimes stopping it
and interrupting the
rhythmic flow. I am
convinced that the action
must be danced, not
pantomimed, and for this
reason I have connected the
'Dance of the Maidens' and
the 'Divination with Twigs,'
a smooth jointure with which
I am very pleased."
- 21
November - (Clarens) -
To Alexander Benois, in St.
Petersburg : "… I have been
to Paris twice, the first
time voluntarily, a rest
after strenuous composing. I
stayed at Delage's and had
barely arrived back here
when Diaghilev summoned me
by telegram. He had come
from London for two days. I
went for one day. I was at
Mme Edwards' [Misia Sert's],
and played there what I had
composed of the new ballet.
Everyone liked it very
much."
1912
- 2 January
- Clarens (Les Tilleuls,
"The Lindens," a boarding
house) - To Benois: "…
I have worked very hard and
almost completed Part One,
the orchestration as well as
the music; only the ending,
'The Dance of the Earth,'
remains to be done. If you
see Roerich, tell him that I
have composed very
well."
- 7 March -
(Montreux), Switzerland
- Stravinsky to Andrey
Rimsky-Korsakov in St.
Petersburg : "… You probably
know that I am working on
the piece that I conceived
after Firebird. The
Russian title is still not
definite, but the French is
Les Sacres [sic] du
printemps. I have
finished the entire first
part (with instrumentation)
and am now composing the
second.… It seems as if I am
indulging in a bit of
self-praise, but when you
hear it, you will understand
what you and I have talked
about. It is as if twenty
and not two years had passed
since Firebird was
composed."
- 15 March
(?) - (Monte-Carlo) -
During a walk with Maurice
Ravel, the two composers
stopped at a café, the
Taverne Parisienne, Avenue
de la Costa, where
Stravinsky asked for a slip
of paper and wrote two
measures of unpitched
rhythm. His Russian script
beneath the sketch says:
"This is the rhythm from
which the Danse Sacrale
grew."
- 19
March - (Clarens)
- To Roerich: "A week
ago I completed Part One
[Dance of the Earth] in
full score.… It seems to
me that I penetrated the
secret of the rhythm of
Spring, and that
musicians will feel it."
- 9 June -
Bellevue (Paris), 17 bis,
rue des Capucines -
From a memoir by Louis
Laloy, editor of La Grande
Revue : "One bright
afternoon in the spring of
1912 I was walking about my
garden with Debussy. We were
expecting Stravinsky. As
soon as he saw us, the
Russian musician ran with
his arms outstretched to
embrace the French master,
who, over his shoulder, gave
me an amused but
compassionate look.
Stravinsky had brought an
arrangement for four hands
of his work The Rite of
Spring. Debussy agreed
to play the bass. Stravinsky
asked if he could remove his
collar. His sight was not
improved by his glasses,
and, pointing his nose to
the keyboard, and sometimes
humming a part that had been
omitted from the
arrangement, he led into a
welter of sound the supple,
agile hands of his friend.
Debussy followed without a
hitch, and seemed to make
light of the difficulty.
When they had finished,
there was no question of
embracing, nor even of
compliments. We were
dumbfounded, overwhelmed by
this hurricane which had
come from the depths of the
ages, and which had taken
life by the roots."
- 24 August
- (Lugano) -
Stravinsky plays The
Rite for Diaghilev,
Nijinsky, Benois.
- 26 August
- The Grand Hotel, Venice
- Stravinsky plays The
Rite for Diaghilev,
Nijinsky, and Misia Sert. At
this point the score is
complete through [99].
- 12
November - (Paris) - La
France publishes a
report by Florent Schmitt:
"…In a faraway pavilion in
Auteuil, which from
henceforth will remind me of
the most magnificent of
temples, M. Igor Stravinsky
played Les Sacres
[sic] du printemps
for my friends. I will speak
to you of its importance to
all music … it tells of
freedom, newness, and the
richness of life."
- 17
November (Old Style) -
Hôtel du Châtelard,
Clarens - Stravinsky
completes the draft score of
The Rite "with an
unbearable toothache."
- 14
December (Clarens) -
Stravinsky to Roerich: "I
have just received your
costume designs for our
Spring! … They are a real
miracle, and I only hope
that the realization of them
will be good! Nijinsky
started his staging of the
'Spring' only yesterday,
Friday, and he begged me to
stay longer. I had to leave
but promised that if he
couldn't manage without my
help, I would come to him (for
the third time).… How
I hope Nijinsky has time
enough to stage the
'Spring.' It is very
complex, and I feel that it
must be done as nothing has
ever been done before!"
- 15
December - To N. F.
Findeizen, in St.
Petersburg: - "I
wanted the whole of the
composition of The Rite
to give the feeling of
closeness between men and
earth … and I sought to do
this in lapidary rhythms.
The whole thing must be put
on in dance (tantsevel'no)
from beginning to end.
Nijinsky directs it with
passionate zeal, forgetting
himself."
1913
- 4-15
January - (Budapest and
Vienna) - Stravinsky
supervises piano and dance
rehearsals of Sacre.
As Dame Marie Rambert, the
disciple of Dalcroze who was
teaching the rhythms of the
music to the dancers,
recalled: "Hearing the way
his music was being played,
Stravinsky flew into a rage.
He yelled, pounded on the
piano, pushed aside the
fat-bottomed German pianist,
nicknamed 'Kolossal'
by Diaghilev, who played
everything desperately
slowly, and proceed to play
twice as fast as we had been
doing and twice as fast as
we could possibly dance. He
stamped his feet on the
floor and banged his fists
on the piano cover and sang
and shouted.… This dreadful
scene made Nijinsky very
nervous. After 'Kolossal'
was replaced, Nijinsky said
'I cannot do it.' The
rehearsal was stopped and
Diaghilev cancelled a future
engagement in order to
rehearse." (From a letter to
Robert Craft from Lincoln
Kirstein, London, 21 October
1973.)
- 25
January - (Hotel
Hauffe, Leipzig) -
Nijinsky to Stravinsky:
"I know what Le
Sacre du printemps
will be when everything
is as we both want it:
new, and, for an
ordinary viewer, a
jolting impression and
emotional experience.
For some it will open
new horizons flooded
with different rays of
sun. People will see new
and different colors and
lines. All different,
new, and beautiful."
- 28
January - (London)
- Stravinsky arrives
in London (Savoy
Hotel) and rehearses
with Nijinsky and
his dancers in the
Aldwych Theatre
almost daily for
three weeks.
Bronislava Nijinska
recalled that
Stravinsky and
Michael Osipovitch
Shteinman, a
conductor engaged by
Diaghilev in St.
Petersburg, played
from the four-hand
piano score.
She also remembered
that the only form
of the music for the
final dance was the
sketch score (particell)
and that when
Stravinsky returned
to Switzerland on 20
February Shteinman
had to decipher this
alone as best he
could. (The
sketch-score, sold
by Serge Lifar at
Sotheby's in 1982,
is inscribed by
Stravinsky on the
last page of the
next-to-last dance:
"That idiot Nijinsky
never returned the Sacred
Dance." Where
is it now, in 2007?)
- 13
February -
The Daily
Mail
publishes an
interview with
Stravinsky: "My
new ballet 'The
Crowning of
Spring' has no
plot. It is a
series of
ceremonies in
ancient Russia.
…"
- 15
February -
The Pall
Mall Gazette
publishes an
interview with
Nijinsky: "… I
am working
hard on … Sacre
du printemps.…
It will be
danced only by
the corps de
ballet, for it
is a thing of
concrete
masses, not of
individual
effects."
- 30
March (Paris)
- Pierre
Monteux writes
about his
rehearsals of
Part One to
Stravinsky in
Clarens: "I
have had two
strings
rehearsals,
three wind
rehearsals,
and two full
rehearsals.
Yesterday I
rehearsed
Sacre with Petrushka
and
Firebird.
What a pity
that you could
not be here,
above all that
you could not
be present for
the explosion
of Le
Sacre. I
thought of you
constantly and
regretted your
absence, but I
know that you
are very busy.
Now it will be
for the month
of May.…" The
letter
contains
Monteux's
diagnoses for
four
problematical
orchestral
balances, and
solely on the
conductor's
word,
Stravinsky
rewrote a full
page of the
orchestra
score. (But
why did he not
go to Paris to
attend at
least one
rehearsal of
what he knew
to be his most
important
creation? Did
he fear that
first contact
with the
actuality of
the music?
This would be
unlike him,
but so was the
Sacre
unlike
anything that
he or anyone
else had ever
wrought.)
- 3
May (Lausanne)
- Stravinsky
writes to
Maximilian
Steinberg in
St. Petersburg
: "Dear one,
order a tromba
piccolo in D;
if a timpani
piccolo cannot
be had, that
is only half a
problem, but
the tromba is
essential; it
isn't to be
found in
Paris, nor is
there any way
to procure
one. A further
request:
Obtain mutes
from
Zimmerman, two
for the tubas,
and three for
the trombones
(whether
bronze or
leather does
not matter)
and have them
sent
immediately to
the head of
the Russian
Ballet G.
Astruc, Rue
Louis le
Grand." (The
letter reveals
that in 1913
trombones and
tubas in Paris
orchestras did
not have
mutes, and
that a small
trumpet in D
could be
found, or made
quickly, in
St.
Petersburg,
but not in the
capital of
France.)
- 13
May (Paris)
- Stravinsky
arrives in
Paris, Hôtel
Splendide, and
directs a
piano
rehearsal with
Nijinsky.
- 18
May
(Afternoon)
Théâtre des
Champs-Élysées
- The first
rehearsal of Le
Sacre du
printemps
with the
dancers on
stage.
- 26-27
May - Théâtre
des
Champs-Élysées
- Rehearsals
with the full
orchestra.
"The theatre
was still
being finished
and workmen
kept going
through the
rehearsal
room. Nijinsky
lost his
temper and
tried to throw
a chair at a
man coming
through"
(Rambert, op.
cit).
- 27
May (?) -
Monteux leaves
a note for
Stravinsky at
the Hôtel
Splendide: "I
stopped by to
work with you,
but, since you
were out, I
will go to the
library at the
Théâtre to
make the
changes in the
parts that you
made
yesterday. Are
you free this
evening?
Perhaps we can
work together
after dinner."
- 28
May - The
dress
rehearsal,
attended by
Debussy,
Ravel, and the
artistic monde.
Dame Rambert
recalled that
the "dress
rehearsal was
pandemonium"
and that "the
dancers had
not heard the
orchestra
before" (op.
cit).
- 29
May - Extract
from an
unidentified
Paris
newspaper: "Le
Sacre du
printemps
will be
presented this
evening in the
Théâtre des
Champs-Élysées.
It is the most
astonishing
creation that
I have ever
witnessed by
the admirable
troupe of M.
Serge
Diaghilev.…"
The
premiere of Le
Sacre du
printemps.
Stravinsky
occupies seat
111, but he
soon goes
backstage. The
Sacre
is the second
offering of
the evening,
following Les
Sylphides.
The program
concludes with
Le Spectre
de la Rose
and Dances
from Prince
Igor. "I
could not hear
the orchestra.
When the
curtain went
down Nijinsky
passed me in
the wings and
was cursing: Dura
Publica
[stupid
audience]"
(Rambert, op.
cit.).
- 31
May -
Debussy sends
a pneumatique
inviting
Stravinsky to
dinner but not
mentioning the
performance. Comœdia
publishes an
account of the
premiere by
Louis
Vuillemin: "…
people sang,
whistled,
applauded,
shouted ironic
bravos even
before the
curtain rose."
Vuillemin
attributes
this to the
exchange of
controversial
opinions all
over Paris
from people
who attended
the
rehearsals,
adding that
"Every critic
in Paris was
invited to the
dress
rehearsal on
28 May. At the
performance,
by the end of
the prelude
one had
stopped
listening to
the music and
attention was
directed to
the
choreography,
which was ugly
or
indifferent.…"
- 2
June - The
Ballets Russes
perform the
Sacre for the
second time,
on a program
beginning with
Les
Sylphides
and ending
with
Shéhérazade.
- 3
June
(Afternoon)
- Backstage,
Théâtre des
Champs-Élysées
Stravinsky
gives an
interview to
Henri Postel
du Mas of Gil
Blas.
- 4
June - The
Ballets Russes
perform the Sacre
for the third
time, on a
program
beginning with
Shéhérazade
and ending
with Le
Spectre de la
Rose.
Gil Blas:
"In all
fairness, I
must say that
the composer
was not
greatly upset
and did not
fulminate too
violently
against his
detractors
when we
interviewed
him yesterday.
Stravinsky is
small in
stature but
looks tall
because he
holds his
forehead high,
thus
dominating his
interviewer.
'I quite
understand
that my music
could not be
immediately
accepted. But
the lack of
good will on
the part of
the audience
is
unjustifiable.
It seems to me
that it should
have waited to
express its
disappointment
until the end
of the
performance.
This would
have been
courteous and
honest. I gave
them something
new, and I
fully expected
that those who
applauded Petrushka
and Firebird
would be
somewhat
dismayed. But
I also
expected an
understanding
attitude. I
have acted in
good faith; my
previous works
… were a
guarantee of
my sincerity
and should
have proved
that I had no
intention of
making fun of
the public.'"
Schmitt's
review of the
premiere
appears in La
France: "…
The genius of
Igor
Stravinsky
could not have
received more
striking
confirmation
than in the
incomprehension
and vicious
hostility of
the crowd.…
With a logic,
with an
infallibility,
human
stupidity
demands its
rights."
- 6
June - The
Ballets Russes
perform Sacre,
Les
Sylphides,
and Thamar.
- 13
June - The
Ballets Russes
perform Sacre,
Le Spectre de
la Rose, La
Tragédié de
Salomé, Carneval.
- 15
June -
Stravinsky, in
a nursing home
in Neuilly,
recovering
from typhoid,
receives a
visit from
Debussy.
- 16
June -
Stravinsky
receives a
visit from
Giacomo
Puccini, who
had written to
Tito Ricordi
after one of
the Sacre
performances:
"Sheer
cacophony, but
strange and
not without a
certain
talent."
- 30
June (Paris) -
Jeanès (the
painter)
writes: "I had
hoped to see
you and tell
you of the
intense
emotion that
your Sacre
aroused in
me.… It seems
to me that you
have expressed
one of the
elemental
forces of Man.
… The Sacre
was one of the
greatest
emotional
experiences of
my life."
- 3
July (Paris)
- Stravinsky
writes to
Maximilian
Steinberg in
St. Petersburg
: "I am very
satisfied with
'Holy Spring'
in the
orchestra and
was happy,
truly happy,
to hear the
long-awaited
orchestra
performance.
The
presentations
went very
stormily.
Fights
actually
occurred.
Nijinsky's
choreography
was
incomparable;
with the
exception of a
few places,
everything was
as I wanted
it. One must
wait a long
time before
the public
becomes
accustomed to
our language,
but of the
value of what
we have done I
am certain,
and this has
given me the
strength for
further
work.…"
- 11
July - Theatre
Royal, Drury
Lane, London
- The
Sacre is
performed for
the first time
in London.
Apparently
Diaghilev had
demanded cuts
in the score.
Monteux
informed
Stravinsky of
this, who
answered,
forbidding any
cut. When
Monteux read
Stravinsky's
reply to
Diaghilev,
Misia Sert
cabled
Stravinsky in
Berlin,
accusing him
of "unjustly
wounding
Serge."
- 13
July (Berlin)
- Stravinsky
cables
Diaghilev in
London, half
apologizing.
Diaghilev
dismisses
Monteux, and
Rhené-Baton
conducts the
two remaining
performances,
18 and 24
July.
- 31
July (Dieppe)
- Monteux
writes to
Stravinsky: "The
Sacre went
very well with
the admirable
London
orchestra, nor
did we have
many
rehearsals
(only seven).
The London
public was
much better
behaved than
the Parisian,
and the whole
work was heard
from beginning
to end. The
success was
considerable -
six or seven
curtain calls.
I greatly
regretted that
you were not
there."
1914
- 5 April
(Sunday, 2:30 p.m.), Salle
du Casino, Paris -
Stravinsky attends Monteux's
concert performance of the
Sacre and after it is borne
from the hall on the
shoulders of the crowd and
carried in triumph through
the Place de la Trinité.
- 6 April
(Paris) - Comœdia
publishes a review by Emile
Vuillermoz of Monteux's 5
April performance: "The
crowd that invaded the
Casino de Paris stopped all
traffic in the Rue de Clichy
and upset strollers in the
Place de la Trinité. After
the last chord there was
delirium. The mass of
spectators, in a fervor of
adoration, screamed the name
of the author, and the
entire audience began to
look for him. A
never-to-be-forgotten
exaltation reigned in the
hall, and the applause went
on until everyone was dizzy.
The reparation is complete,
Paris is rehabilitated. For
Igor Stravinsky, the homage
of unlimited praise."
Robert
Craft
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